The COP28 in Dubai has just ended with a press release which excites the president of this international meeting but leaves analysts perplexed.

Why this duality?
The roadmap appears to be not very restrictive and is not part of a framework reflecting an international challenge requiring collective dynamics.

Each country remains in control of its efforts and the means it wants to implement. Those who are alert must develop renewable energies and ways of capturing carbon to facilitate convergence towards carbon neutrality in 2050.

Fossil fuel producers must realize that they need to enter into a transition. But no one is talking about stopping, rapid decline or a deadline.

The difficulty is there: a feeling of urgency in view of the developments observed on a daily basis while political decisions appear neither rapid enough nor sufficiently relevant to face the challenge which grows before our eyes every day.