In 2009, the Stockholm Resilience Centre defined the nine boundaries of the planet that formed the framework of its functioning before the industrial revolution.
Exceeding one of the frontiers does not cause an immediate rupture but increases the risk on the stability and resilience of the earth.

In the graph, the distance from the center in green reflects the increase in risks.
The study published in 2009 indicated that 3 of the 9 limits were exceeded.
The 2015 update increased this figure to 4.
In 2023, the study, published on September 13, indicates that 6 limits have been exceeded and that two more could be done quickly.
These two elements are ocean acidification and fine particle pollution.

The major point highlighted in the publication is that exceeding each limit creates a risk by itself but that the interactions between limit exceedances cause dynamics and consequences that are impossible to predict.
This implies that there are short-term risks that can already be observed and longer risks that are not yet known. It is this double dimension that requires a vision that goes beyond climate change that is the easiest indicator to read.

Action is therefore needed on a case-by-case basis at each border to improve the resilience and stability of the land.
This is the work of every citizen of the world